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Book 03 2008

Survey of Soil Remediation Technology
Edson Reis, Andrea Lodolo, Stanislav Miertus
31 March 2008
Trieste, Italy
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Abstract

1. INTRODUCTORY PART...........................................................................................4 1.1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................5 1.2 DECISION SUPPORTING TOOLS...........................................................................8 1.3 RATING DESCRIPTIONS........................................................................................10 1.4 CONTAMINANT'S DESCRIPTION..........................................................................16 1.5 CONTAMINANTS PROPERTIES............................................................................31 1.6 SOIL DESCRIPTION...............................................................................................32 1.7 GLOSSARY 34 1.8 SOIL REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES.................................................................43 2. IN SITU BIOLOGICAL TREATMENTS 45 2.1 BIOVENTING 46 2.2 ENHANCED BIOREMEDIATION 49 2.3 LANDFARMING 52 2.4 NATURAL ATTENUATION 55 2.5 PHYTOREMEDIATION 58 3. IN SITU PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL TREATMENTS 61 3.1 ELECTRORECLAMATION 62 3.2 SOIL VAPOUR EXTRACTION 65 3.3 LASAGNATM PROCESS 68 3.4 CONTAINMENT BARRIERS 71 3.5 FRACTURING 734 3.6 SOLIDIFICATION/STABILISATION 77 3.7 LANDFILL CAP AND ENHANCEMENTS 80 3.8 SOIL FLUSHING 83 3.9 POLYMER ADSORPTION 86 4. IN SITU THERMAL TREATMENTS 89 4.1 SOIL VAPOUR EXTRACTION THERMALLY ENHANCED 90 4.2 VITRIFICATION 93 5. EX SITU BIOLOGICAL TREATMENTS 96 5.1 BIOPILES 97 5.2 BIOREACTORS 100 5.3 COMPOSTING 103 5.4 LANDFARMING 106 6. EX SITU PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL TREATMENTS 109 6.1 CHEMICAL EXTRACTION 110 6.2 DEHALOGENATION 113 6.3 SEPARATION 116 6.4 SOLAR DETOXIFICATION 119 6.5 CHEMICAL REDUCTION/ OXIDATION 122 6.6 SOIL WASHING 125 6.7 SOLIDIFICATION/STABILISATION 128 6.8 SOIL VAPOUR EXTRACTION 131 7. EX SITU THERMAL TREATMENTS 134 7.1 HOT GAS DECONTAMINATION 135 7.2 OPEN BURNING 138 7.3 THERMAL DESORPTION 141 7.4 PLASMA ARC 144 7.5 INCINERATION 147 7.6 PYROLYSIS 150 7.7 VITRIFICATION 153 8. REFERENCES 156 8.1 REFERENCES WEBSITES…………………………………………………………….157

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